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1.
ABC., imagem cardiovasc ; 34(2)2021. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1291096

ABSTRACT

Adulto jovem de 18 anos que evoluiu após traumatismo craniencefálico leve com fístula carotídea direta. Apresentou zumbido e exoftalmia, ambos de característica pulsátil e à esquerda. Foi submetido a estudo com Doppler das carótidas, que mostrou elevadas velocidades do fluxo sanguíneo e índices de resistência reduzidos nas artérias carótidas comum e interna esquerdas, compatíveis com fístula carotídea direta. A angiotomografia computadorizada cerebral confirmou a fístula carotídea. Foi encaminhado para tratamento endovascular por embolização, com sucesso. O Doppler de carótidas pode ter papel importante no diagnóstico das fístulas carotídeas diretas e acompanhamento de pacientes submetidos à terapêutica endovascular.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Carotid Artery Diseases/physiopathology , Carotid Artery, Internal/pathology , Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula/therapy , Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula/diagnostic imaging , Brain Injuries, Traumatic/diagnostic imaging , Echocardiography, Doppler, Color/methods , Embolization, Therapeutic/methods , Endovascular Procedures/methods , Computed Tomography Angiography/methods
2.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 114(2): 245-253, Feb. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1088859

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: Cardioinhibitory carotid sinus hypersensitivity (CICSH) is defined as ventricular asystole ≥ 3 seconds in response to 5-10 seconds of carotid sinus massage (CSM). There is a common concern that a prolonged asystole episode could lead to death directly from bradycardia or as a consequence of serious trauma, brain injury or pause-dependent ventricular arrhythmias. Objective: To describe total mortality, cardiovascular mortality and trauma-related mortality of a cohort of CICSH patients, and to compare those mortalities with those found in a non-CICSH patient cohort. Methods: In 2006, 502 patients ≥ 50 years of age were submitted to CSM. Fifty-two patients (10,4%) were identified with CICSH. Survival of this cohort was compared with that of another cohort of 408 non-CICSH patients using Kaplan-Meier curves. Cox regression was used to examine the relation between CICSH and mortality. The level of statistical significance was set at 0.05. Results: After a maximum follow-up of 11.6 years, 29 of the 52 CICSH patients (55.8%) were dead. Cardiovascular mortality, trauma-related mortality and the total mortality rate of this population were not statistically different from that found in 408 patients without CICSH. (Total mortality of CICSH patients 55.8% vs. 49,3% of non-CICSH patients; p: 0.38). Conclusion: At the end of follow-up, the 52 CICSH patient cohort had total mortality, cardiovascular mortality and trauma-related mortality similar to that found in 408 patients without CICSH.


Resumo Fundamento: A resposta cardioinibitória (RCI) à massagem do seio carotídeo (MSC) caracteriza-se por assistolia ≥ 3 segundos provocada por 5 a 10 segundos de MSC. Existe uma preocupação de que pacientes com RCI e episódios prolongados de assistolia possam falecer em consequência direta de bradiarritmia, ou em decorrência de lesão cerebral, trauma grave ou arritmia ventricular pausa dependente. Objetivos: Determinar a mortalidade total, a mortalidade cardiovascular e a mortalidade relacionada ao trauma de uma coorte de pacientes com RCI à MSC e comparar essas mortalidades com as de uma coorte de pacientes sem RCI à MSC. Métodos: Em 2006, 502 pacientes com idade igual ou superior a 50 anos foram submetidos à MSC. Destes, 52 pacientes (10,4%) foram identificados com RCI. A sobrevida desta coorte foi comparada àquela observada em uma coorte de 408 pacientes sem RCI por meio de curvas de Kaplan-Meier. A regressão de Cox foi utilizada para avaliação da relação entre a RCI à MSC e a mortalidade. Variáveis com p < 0,05 foram consideradas estatisticamente significativas. Resultados: Após seguimento máximo de 11,6 anos, 29 dos 52 portadores de RCI (55,8%) faleceram. A mortalidade total, a mortalidade cardiovascular e a mortalidade relacionada ao trauma desta coorte de pacientes não foram significativamente diferentes daquelas encontradas nos 408 pacientes sem RCI (mortalidade total com RCI: 55,8% versus 49,3% sem RCI; p: 0,38). Conclusões: No fim do seguimento, a mortalidade dos 52 portadores de RCI foi semelhante à observada em uma coorte de pacientes sem RCI. A mortalidade cardiovascular e a relacionada ao trauma também foi semelhante nas duas coortes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Carotid Artery Diseases/physiopathology , Carotid Artery Diseases/mortality , Carotid Sinus/physiopathology , Heart Arrest/physiopathology , Heart Arrest/mortality , Syncope/physiopathology , Syncope/mortality , Proportional Hazards Models , Risk Factors , Follow-Up Studies , Longitudinal Studies , Statistics, Nonparametric , Electrocardiography , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Heart Injuries/physiopathology , Heart Injuries/mortality
3.
Int. j. cardiovasc. sci. (Impr.) ; 31(4): 359-366, jul.-ago. 2018. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-910246

ABSTRACT

A mortalidade por doença cardiovascular entre as mulheres permanece elevada. Estudos observacionais são controversos sobre a participação dos antecedentes de distúrbio hipertensivo gestacional no risco cardiovascular. Verificar a associação entre aterosclerose de carótidas em mulheres no climatério que tiveram hipertensão na gestação. Estudo de caso-controle, sendo os casos compostos por mulheres com aterosclerose de carótida, definida como espessura íntima-média carotídea > 1 mm e/ou presença de placas de carótidas; os controles não apresentavam estas alterações. Adotou-se nível de significância de 95%. Foram avaliadas 504 mulheres sem doença cardiovascular prévia, sendo 126 casos e 378 controles. Eram hipertensas 67% delas; 76% eram dislipidêmicas; e 16%, diabéticas. Cerca de 10% referiram antecedentes de hipertensão na gestação. As mulheres com aterosclerose de carótidas apresentaram valores maiores dos níveis de pressão arterial sistólica (134,18 mmHg vs. 128,59 mmHg; p = 0,008) e de LDL-colesterol (156,52 mg% vs. 139,97 mg%; p = 0,0005). Não foi encontrada diferença estatística em relação à presença de aterosclerose de carótidas e ao antecedente de hipertensão na gestação (OR 1,672; IC 95% 0,893-3,131). O antecedente de hipertensão na gestação não foi associado à aterosclerose subclínica de carótidas em mulheres na pré e pós-menopausa. No entanto, verificou-se a associação entre a aterosclerose de carótida e os fatores de risco clássicos, como pressão arterial sistólica elevada e altos níveis de LDL-colesterol


Cardiovascular disease mortality among women remains high. Observational studies are controversial about the participation of a history of gestational hypertensive disorder in cardiovascular risk. To verify the association between carotid atherosclerosis in menopausal women who had pregnancy-induced hypertension. Case-control study, with cases consisting of women with carotid atherosclerosis, defined as carotid intima-media thickness > 1 mm and/or presence of carotid plaques; the controls did not have these alterations. The significance level was set at 95%. A total of 504 women without previous cardiovascular disease were assessed, 126 cases and 378 controls. Of the total, 67% were hypertensive; 76% were dyslipidemic; and 16% were diabetic. Approximately 10% reported a history of hypertension during pregnancy. Women with carotid atherosclerosis had higher values of systolic blood pressure (134.18 mmHg vs. 128.59 mmHg, p = 0.008) and LDL-cholesterol(156.52 mg% vs. 139.97 mg%; p = 0.0005). No statistical difference was found regarding the presence of carotid atherosclerosis and history of hypertension during pregnancy (OR 1.672, 95% CI: 0.883-3.131). The history of hypertension during pregnancy was not associated with subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in menopausal women. However, an association was observed between carotid atherosclerosis and classic risk factors, such as elevated systolic blood pressure and LDL-cholesterol levels


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Middle Aged , Aged , Women , Pregnancy , Carotid Artery Diseases/physiopathology , Premenopause , Postmenopause , Hypertension/physiopathology , Climacteric , Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality , Body Mass Index , Case-Control Studies , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Risk Factors , Ultrasonography/methods , Review , Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced
4.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 81(2): 148-152, Mar.-Apr. 2018. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-950435

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Differentiating glaucomatous from nonglaucomatous optic disc cupping remains challenging. We present a case of a 48-year-old woman with an internal carotid aneurysm of approximately 3.5 mm × 6.5 mm that mimicked normal-tension glaucoma. The patient had a 2-year history of low vision acuity in her left eye and frontal oppressive headache. Owing to the carotid aneurysm, she developed an asymmetric vertical cup-to-disc ratio above 0.2, and marked inferotemporal neuronal rim loss and pallor of the residual rim were noted in the left disc. She also developed a visual field defect with an arcuate scotoma in the left eye. The patient was referred to a neurosurgeon and underwent endovascular aneurysm occlusion. This case highlights the diagnostic importance of recognizing that many neurological defects remain underdiagnosed.


RESUMO diferenciação de escavações glaucomatosas e não glaucomatosas ainda permanece um desafio ainda nos dias de hoje. Nos descrevemos um caso de aneurisma de carótida interna medindo 3.5mm x 6.5mm que simulava um glaucoma de pressão normal. O caso é sobre uma paciente feminino de 48 anos com história de 2 anos de baixa acuidade visual no olho esquerdo e cefaléia frontal. Devido ao aneurisma de carótida a paciente desenvolveu uma assimetria de escavação vertical maior que 0.2 no olho esquerdo em relação ao direito com defeito localizado da camada de fibras nervosas temporal inferior. Ela também apresentava um defeito arqueado temporal superior a esquerda, cruzando a linha média vertical consistente. Após o diagnostico confirmado pela ressonância magnética funcional, a paciente foi enviada para o neurocirurgião para realização de uma oclusão endovascular do aneurisma. Esse caso nos alerta da importância de se lembrar que não apenas o glaucoma gera escavações suspeitas no disco óptico e que ainda muitos defeitos por causas neurológicas são subdiagnosticados.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Carotid Artery Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Carotid Artery, Internal/diagnostic imaging , Low Tension Glaucoma/diagnostic imaging , Aneurysm/diagnosis , Retina/diagnostic imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Carotid Artery Diseases/physiopathology , Carotid Artery Diseases/pathology , Carotid Artery, Internal/physiopathology , Carotid Artery, Internal/pathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Low Tension Glaucoma/physiopathology , Low Tension Glaucoma/pathology , Visual Field Tests , Intraocular Pressure
5.
Arch. endocrinol. metab. (Online) ; 61(2): 122-129, Mar.-Apr. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-838437

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objectives Cardiovascular risk estimated by several scores in patients with diabetes mellitus without a cardiovascular disease history and the association with carotid atherosclerotic plaque (CAP) were the aims of this study. Materials and methods Cardiovascular risk was calculate using United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) risk engine, Framingham risk score for cardiovascular (FSCV) and coronary disease (FSCD), and the new score (NS) proposed by the 2013 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Treatment of Blood Cholesterol. Ultrasound was used to assess CAP occurrence. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed. Results One hundred seventy patients (mean age 61.4 ± 11 years, 58.8% men) were included. Average FSCV, FSCD and NS values were 33.6% ± 21%, 20.6% ± 12% and 24.8% ± 18%, respectively. According to the UKPDS score, average risk of coronary disease and stroke were 22.1% ± 16% and 14.3% ± 19% respectively. Comparing the risks estimated by the different scores a significant correlation was found. The prevalence of CAP was 51%, in patients with the higher scores this prevalence was increased. ROC analysis showed a good discrimination power between subjects with or without CAP. Conclusion The cardiovascular risk estimated was high but heterogenic. The prevalence of CAP increased according to the strata of risk. Understanding the relationship between CAP and scores could improve the risk estimation in subjects with diabetes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Carotid Artery Diseases/etiology , Carotid Artery Diseases/epidemiology , Risk Assessment/methods , Diabetes Complications/epidemiology , Plaque, Atherosclerotic/etiology , Plaque, Atherosclerotic/epidemiology , Argentina/epidemiology , Reference Values , Carotid Artery Diseases/physiopathology , Smoking/adverse effects , Cholesterol/blood , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Statistics, Nonparametric , Diabetes Complications/physiopathology , Diabetes Mellitus/physiopathology , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology , Plaque, Atherosclerotic/physiopathology
6.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 71(5): 320-326, maio 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-674215

ABSTRACT

Coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke are frequent coexistent conditions that share risk factors and pose major burdens to global health. Even though a clear relation has been established between extracranial internal carotid artery atherosclerosis and symptomatic or asymptomatic coronary heart disease, there is a gap in knowledge about the association between intracranial atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Intracranial atherosclerosis is associated with high risks of stroke recurrence and vascular death. More research and clinical trials are needed to answer whether early diagnosis of asymptomatic coronary heart disease and aggressive treatment can decrease the risk of vascular death in patients with ischemic stroke caused by intracranial atherosclerosis.


A doença coronária e o acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico são condições frequentemente associadas, que compartilham fatores de risco e representam grande sobrecarga à saúde mundial. Embora seja claramente reconhecida a relação entre a doença coronária sintomática ou assintomática e a aterosclerose da artéria carótida interna em sua porção extracraniana, há uma lacuna no conhecimento sobre a associação entre doença coronária e aterosclerose intracraniana, que por sua vez é associada a alto risco de recorrência de acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico e de morte por causas vasculares. é necessário avaliar se o diagnóstico precoce da doença coronária assintomática e seu tratamento agressivo podem diminuir o risco de morte por causas vasculares em pacientes com acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico ocasionado por aterosclerose intracraniana.


Subject(s)
Humans , Coronary Disease/etiology , Intracranial Arteriosclerosis/complications , Stroke/etiology , Carotid Artery Diseases/physiopathology , Coronary Disease/diagnosis , Risk Factors , Stroke/diagnosis
7.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 99(4): 892-899, out. 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-654252

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO: O processo aterosclerótico no nível endotelial começa em idade precoce e parece estar associado com a obesidade e suas comorbidades como a resistência insulínica. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a influência da resistência insulínica em marcadores inflamatórios e subclínicos de aterosclerose em adolescentes obesos. MÉTODOS: Sessenta e seis adolescentes obesos pós-púberes foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com o índice de resistência insulínica estimado pelo Modelo de Avaliação da Homeostase (HOMA-RI): com resistência insulínica (RI) n = 39 e sem resistência insulínica (NRI) n = 27, e foram submetidos a uma intervenção interdisciplinar ao longo de um ano. A espessura mediointimal da artéria carótida comum (EMIC), e o tecido adiposo visceral e subcutâneo foram determinados por ultrassonografia. A composição corporal, pressão arterial, índice HOMA-RI, perfil lipídico e as concentrações de adipocinas [leptina, adiponectina, e inibidor do ativador do plasminogênio-1 (PAI-1)] foram analisados antes e após a terapia. RESULTADOS: Ambos os grupos apresentaram melhoras significativas na composição corporal, estado inflamatório (redução da concentração de leptina e PAI 1; aumento de adiponectina plasmática) e redução da EMIC. Apenas o grupo NRI mostrou correlação positiva entre as alterações na gordura visceral (∆Visceral) e mudanças na EMIC (∆ EMIC) (r = 0,42, p < 0,05). A análise por regressão linear simples revelou o ∆Visceral ser um preditor independente para a redução da EMIC nesse grupo (R2 ajustado = 0,14, p = 0,04). Os valores finais da EIMC permaneceram significativamente maiores no grupo RI, quando comparado com grupo NRI. CONCLUSÃO: A presença de resistência insulínica pode prejudicar mudanças na EMIC levando ao desenvolvimento precoce da aterosclerose em adolescentes obesos submetidos a uma intervenção interdisciplinar.


.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Carotid Intima-Media Thickness , Carotid Artery Diseases/physiopathology , Insulin Resistance/physiology , Obesity/physiopathology , Analysis of Variance , Anthropometry , Adipokines/blood , Biomarkers/blood , Blood Pressure/physiology , Carotid Artery Diseases/etiology , Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1/blood , Risk Factors , Statistics, Nonparametric
8.
Saudi Medical Journal. 2011; 32 (9): 919-924
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-122727

ABSTRACT

To assess the impact of obesity on carotid intima media thickness and left ventricular [LV] mass in obese adolescents. The study included 52 obese adolescents [mean age 14.16 +/- 2.64 years] and 52 healthy adolescents who served as a control group [mean age 12 +/- 2.3 years], who were attended the outpatient clinic at Suez Canal University Hospital, Ismailia, Egypt. The study population was submitted for medical history, clinical examination, laboratory investigations [fasting blood sugar and lipid profile], and echocardiographic examination of LV mass and dimensions. Assessment of carotid intima-media thickness was carried out by using carotid duplex. All children had normal LV function. Obese adolescents had a significant increase in total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C, and low HDL-C compared to the control group. Also, there was a significant increase in blood pressure, carotid intima media thickness, LV mass, and LV mass index. There was a significant correlation between BMI and dyslipidemia, blood pressure, carotid intima/media thickness, LV mass, and posterior wall thickness. Carotid intima-media thickness had a significant correlation with increased LDL-C and low HDL-C, blood pressure, LV mass, and posterior wall thickness. Obesity in childhood and adolescents is associated with subclinical atherosclerosis. Although obese children had no LV dysfunction, yet there are LV structure changes


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Carotid Artery Diseases/pathology , Carotid Artery Diseases/physiopathology , Obesity/complications , Ventricular Function, Left/physiology , Obesity/physiopathology , Body Mass Index , Case-Control Studies , Cholesterol, HDL/blood , Cholesterol, LDL/blood , Triglycerides/blood
10.
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health ; : 298-304, 2009.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-164452

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of blood pressure levels with the common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT) and carotid plaques. METHODS: Data were obtained from 2,635 subjects, aged 50 years and over, who participated in the Community Health Survey (a population-based, cross-sectional study) in Dong-gu, Gwangju city between 2007 and 2008. Participants were categorized into three groups according to blood pressure levels; normotensives ( or =140/90 mmHg). Prehypertensives were further categorized as low prehypertensives (120-129/80-84 mmHg) and high prehypertensives (130-139/85-89 mmHg). Carotid intima-media thickness and plaques were evaluated with a high-resolution B-mode ultrasound. Statistical analyses were performed using chi-square test, ANOVA, and multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: Prehypertensives had significantly greater maximal CCA-IMT values than normotensives, with a multivariate adjusted odds ratio of 1.78 (95% CI=1.36-2.32) for abnormal CCA-IMT (maximal CCA-IMT > or =1.0 mm), and 1.45 (95% CI=1.19-1.77) for carotid plaques. The multivariate adjusted odds ratio of low prehypertensives was 1.64 (95% CI=1.21-2.21) for abnormal CCA-IMT, and 1.30 (95% CI=1.04-1.63) for carotid plaques compared with normotensives. Subject with hypertension had higher frequency of abnormal CCA-IMT (odds ratio, 2.18; 95% CI=1.49-3.18), and carotid plaques (odds ratio, 1.98; 95% CI=1.46-2.67) compared with normotensives after adjustment for other cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that there is a significant increase in the prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis in subjects with prehypertension (even in low prehypertensives) compared with normotensive subjects. Further studies are required to confirm the benefits and role of carotid ultrasonography in persons with prehypertension.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Blood Pressure , Carotid Artery Diseases/physiopathology , Carotid Artery, Common/pathology , Carotid Stenosis/pathology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prevalence , Tunica Intima/pathology
11.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 90(4): 288-292, abr. 2008. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-482958

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO: As síncopes por hipersensibilidade do seio carotídeo (HSC) podem ser pouco diagnosticadas por causa da baixa desconfiança diagnóstica ou do medo de complicações da própria massagem do seio carotídeo. OBJETIVO: Investigar o papel da hipersensibilidade do seio carotídeo (HSC) em desmaios não-convulsivos e quedas inexplicadas. MÉTODOS: Duzentos e cinqüenta e nove pacientes com idade média de 50±24 anos, encaminhados para investigação de desmaios não-convulsivos e quedas inexplicadas, foram submetidos ao Teste da Mesa Inclinada (TI) sem ("passivo") e com provocação farmacológica ("sensibilizado"). Exames clínicos e complementares não revelaram causa óbvia para as queixas. Cinqüenta e cinco voluntários com idade média de 57±21 anos sem história de epilepsia, desmaios e quedas serviram de controles. Todos os participantes foram submetidos ao TI precedido por estimulação digital dos seios carotídeos a zero e a 60º. RESULTADOS: A estimulação dos seios carotídeos foi positiva em 4 controles. O diagnóstico clínico de HSC foi endossado por resposta positiva à estimulação carotídea a 60º em 28 pacientes, em sua maioria homens idosos. A estimulação carotídea foi positiva a 0º em apenas três desses pacientes. Não houve diferença estatística no TI entre os pacientes com e sem HSC. CONCLUSÃO: A estimulação dos seios carotídeos a 60º deve ser incluída na avaliação rotineira de pacientes com desmaios não-convulsivos ou quedas inexplicadas, uma vez que os exames cardiovasculares de rotina, incluindo o TI, não foram úteis para estabelecer o diagnóstico nesses casos. Novos estudos em indivíduos normais são necessários para estabelecer o significado da resposta positiva à estimulação carotídea na ausência de história de desmaios ou quedas.


BACKGROUND: Syncope due to carotid sinus hypersensitivity (CSH) may be underdiagnosed due to a low level of diagnostic suspicion and fear of complications caused by massage of the carotid sinus. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relevance of carotid sinus massage in the diagnosis of non-convulsive faints and unexplained falls. METHODS: Two-hundred and fifty-nine patients with a mean age of 50±24 years referred for the investigation of non-convulsive faints or unexplained falls were evaluated with a head up tilt table test (HUTT) without ("passive") and with pharmacological stimulation. Clinical and laboratory work-up did not reveal an obvious cause for the complaints. Fifty-five volunteers with a mean age of 57±21 years with no history of seizures, faints or falls were used as controls. All participants underwent a HUTT preceded by digital stimulation of each carotid sinus both at zero and 60º. RESULTS: Carotid sinus massage was positive in 4 controls. The relevance of CSH in the evaluation of syncope was supported by a positive response to carotid sinus massage at 60º in 28 patients, most of whom were elderly men. Carotid sinus massage was positive at 0º in only three of such patients. The results of the HUTT did not show statistical difference between patients with and without CSH. CONCLUSION: Carotid sinus massage at 60º under controlled conditions should be included in the assessment of patients with non-convulsive faints or unexplained falls. Routine cardiovascular exams, including the HUTT, are not useful for the diagnosis in such cases. Further studies in normal individuals are needed to establish the significance of a positive response to carotid sinus massage in the absence of a history of fainting or falling.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Accidental Falls , Carotid Artery Diseases/diagnosis , Carotid Sinus/physiopathology , Syncope/diagnosis , Tilt-Table Test/methods , Blood Pressure/physiology , Carotid Artery Diseases/complications , Carotid Artery Diseases/physiopathology , Epidemiologic Methods , Isosorbide Dinitrate/administration & dosage , Syncope/epidemiology , Syncope/etiology , Syncope/physiopathology , Vasodilator Agents/administration & dosage , Young Adult
12.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 90(3): 163-171, mar. 2008. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-479616

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO: A resposta cardioinibitória (RCI) caracteriza-se por assistolia > 3 segundos em resposta a 5 a 10 segundos de massagem do seio carotídeo (MSC). O implante de marcapasso é indicado nos pacientes com síncope inexplicada e RCI. OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência e os preditores da RCI em pacientes com alta prevalência de doença cardiovascular. Avaliar o significado clínico da RCI em pacientes com história de síncope ou queda. MÉTODOS: Desenho transversal. Casuística: pacientes ambulatoriais, com idade > 50 anos, encaminhados ao Setor de Eletrocardiografia de um hospital terciário. Indivíduos com demência, sopro carotídeo, história de infarto agudo do miocárdio ou acidente vascular cerebral nos últimos três meses foram excluídos. Os pacientes foram submetidos a MSC direito por 10 segundos seguida de MSC esquerdo por 10 segundos. As MSCs foram realizadas na posição supina por um único investigador. RESULTADOS: No total, 502 indivíduos foram submetidos a MSC, dos quais 52 apresentaram RCI (prevalência: 10,4 por cento; intervalo de confiança de 95 por cento [IC95 por cento]: 7,7 por cento-13 por cento). Os preditores independentes da RCI foram: sexo masculino ("odds ratio" [OR]: 2,61; IC95 por cento: 1,3 por cento-5,1 por cento), cardiopatia estrutural (OR: 3,28; IC95 por cento: 1,3 por cento-7,9 por cento), e freqüência cardíaca de base (p < 0,05). A sensibilidade da RCI no diagnóstico etiológico de episódios de síncope ou queda foi baixa (9,8 por cento). Sua especificidade foi boa (89,5 por cento), sendo melhor nas mulheres (95,3 por cento) e nos não-cardiopatas (96,2 por cento). CONCLUSÃO: A RCI foi encontrada em 10,4 por cento dos pacientes com idade > 50 anos. Nos homens e nos cardiopatas, a probabilidade de a MSC provocar o aparecimento de RCI foi maior. Nas mulheres e nos pacientes sem cardiopatia estrutural aparente, a RCI mostrou ser achado altamente específico para o diagnóstico etiológico dos episódios de síncope ou queda.


BACKGROUND: Cardioinhibitory response (CIR) is defined as asystole >3 seconds in response to 5-10 seconds of carotid sinus massage (CSM). Pacemaker implantation is indicated for patients with unexplained syncope episodes and CIR. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and predictors of CIR in patients with a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease, and assess the clinical significance of CIR in patients with a history of unexplained syncope or falls. METHODS: Cross-section design study. Outpatients, aged >50 years, referred to the electrocardiography sector of a tertiary hospital. Those with dementia, carotid bruit, and history of myocardial infarction, stroke or transient ischemic attack in the preceding 3 months were excluded. CSM was performed by a single investigator, with the patients in the supine position. CSM was applied on the right side and then on the left side during 10 seconds each time. RESULTS: 502 patients underwent CSM. CIR was present in 52 patients (10.4 percent; 95 percent CI: 7.7 percent-13 percent). Independent predictors of CIR were male gender (OR: 2.61 percent; CI 95 percent: 1.3 percent-5.1 percent), structural heart disease (OR: 3.28 percent; CI 95 percent: 1.3 percent-7.9 percent) and baseline heart rate (P<0.05). The sensitivity of the CIR to CSM in syncope evaluation was low (9.8 percent). Specificity was high (89.5 percent), being even better in women (95.3 percent) and in those without structural heart disease (96.2 percent). CONCLUSION: CIR was detected in 10.4 percent of the patients aged > 50 years. In males and in patients with structural heart disease CIR was more common. In women and patients with no apparent structural heart disease, the presence of CIR was a highly specific finding in the evaluation of syncope or falls.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Accidental Falls , Carotid Artery Diseases/physiopathology , Carotid Sinus/physiopathology , Heart Arrest/physiopathology , Syncope/diagnosis , Accidental Falls/statistics & numerical data , Brazil/epidemiology , Carotid Artery Diseases/complications , Carotid Artery Diseases/epidemiology , Epidemiologic Methods , Heart Arrest/epidemiology , Heart Arrest/etiology , Heart Rate/physiology , Outpatients , Sex Distribution , Supine Position , Syncope/etiology , Syncope/physiopathology
13.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-44948

ABSTRACT

Orbital infarction syndrome is defined as ischemia of global intraorbital structures such as extraocular muscles, optic nerves, and retina. The most common cause of this syndrome is carotid arterial occlusion. Other causes include vasculitis, vasospasm, and compression of intraorbital circulation. There has never been reported a case of orbital infarction syndrome in nephrotic syndrome patient. We present a case of 42-year-old Thai man with underlying disease nephrotic syndrome presented with abrupt onset of headache at left temporal area, horizontal diplopia, limitation of eye movement in all directions, ptosis, and blurred vision on the left eye. He was treated with pulse methylprednisolone intravenously for 3 days. Leg edema was improved however, the eye symptoms persisted. There was no evidence of hypercoagulable state. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) revealed loss of signal intensity at left internal carotid artery from base of skull to intracavernous part. Cerebral angiography demonstrated complete occlusion of left common carotid artery. After the anticoagulant treatment, his symptoms were gradually improved. The cause of extensive carotid arterial occlusion in this patient is most likely from hypercoagulable state. Although it was negative for hypercoagulable state evidence, the authors assume that the high dose steroid treatment could lead to remission of nephrotic syndrome and resulting in the resolution of hypercoagulable state.


Subject(s)
Adult , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Carotid Artery Diseases/physiopathology , Carotid Stenosis/physiopathology , Cerebral Infarction/etiology , Humans , Male , Orbital Diseases/etiology , Syndrome , Warfarin/therapeutic use
14.
Acta cir. bras ; 22(2): 125-129, Mar.-Apr. 2007. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-443689

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the in vivo alterations on ketone bodies metabolism after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion through an experimental model of brain ischemia induced by simple occlusion of common carotid arteries (CCAs) in Wistar rats. METHODS: Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly distributed on two groups (S - Sham; T - Test) and further redistributed into four times sets of study. After bilateral occlusion of CCAs for 30min, the animals of group T were allowed reperfusion for 0, 5, 10 and 15min. Samples of cerebral tissue and systemic arterial blood were collected and the metabolites acetoacetate (ACT) and beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) were determined. RESULTS: Cerebral ACT and BHB levels increased significantly in Group T after 30min of carotid occlusion (time 0). The highest brain ketone bodies (ACT+BHB) concentration was verified at 5min of reperfusion, decreasing after 10min of recirculation. Systemic ketone bodies levels increased similarly between test and sham groups. Group S demonstrated a significant increase in cerebral and systemic ACT and BHB concentrations mainly after 40-45min of study. CONCLUSIONS: The partial transient acute global brain ischemia induced by the bilateral carotid occlusion in Wistar rats triggered ketogenesis probably due to a central stimulation of catecholamine secretion. There was an increased cerebral uptake of ketone bodies following brain ischemia, reaffirming these metabolites as alternative energy substrates under conditions of cerebral metabolic stress as well as its potential role on neuroprotection. The greatest changes in ketone bodies metabolism were verified at initial minutes of recirculation as a result of the reperfusion injury phenomenon.


OBJETIVO: Avaliar as alterações in vivo no metabolismo dos corpos cetônicos após isquemia/reperfusão cerebral através de um modelo experimental de isquemia cerebral induzido pela simples oclusão das artérias carótidas comuns (CCAs) em ratos Wistar. MÉTODOS: Quarenta e oito ratos Wistar machos foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos (S - Controle; T - Teste) e cada um deles redistribuídos em quatro tempos de estudos. Após oclusão bilateral das CCAs por 30min, permitiu-se reperfusão aos animais do grupo T nos tempos 0, 5, 10 e 15min. Foram coletadas amostras de tecido cerebral e sangue arterial sistêmico e quantificados os metabólitos acetoacetato (ACT) e beta-hidroxibutirato (BHB). RESULTADOS: Os níveis cerebrais de ACT e BHB aumentaram significantemente no Grupo T após 30min de oclusão carotídea (tempo 0). A maior concentração de corpos cetônicos (ACT+BHB) foi verificada aos 5min de reperfusão, diminuindo após 10min de recirculação. Os níveis de corpos cetônicos sistêmicos aumentaram de modo semelhante entre os grupos teste e controle. O Grupo S demonstrou significante aumento nas concentrações sistêmicas e cerebrais de ACT e BHB principalmente após 40-45min de estudo. CONCLUSÕES: A isquemia cerebral aguda transitória e parcial induzida pela oclusão bilateral das carótidas em ratos Wistar ativou a cetogênese provavelmente devido à estimulação central da secreção de catecolaminas. Houve um aumento da captação dos corpos cetônicos após isquemia cerebral, reafirmando esses metabólitos como substratos energéticos alternativos em condições de estresse metabólico cerebral, bem como suas potencialidades na neuroproteção. As maiores alterações no metabolismo dos corpos cetônicos foram verificadas nos minutos iniciais de recirculação como resultado do fenômeno da lesão de reperfusão.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Brain Ischemia/metabolism , Carotid Artery, Common , Carotid Artery Diseases/physiopathology , Ketone Bodies/metabolism , Reperfusion Injury/metabolism , /blood , Acetoacetates/blood , Brain Ischemia/physiopathology , Disease Models, Animal , Energy Metabolism , Oxidative Stress/physiology , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , Reperfusion Injury/physiopathology , Statistics, Nonparametric , Time Factors
15.
Neuroeje ; 19(2): 28-31, ago. 2005. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-432736

ABSTRACT

Debido a que la anatomía de esta región es compleja y variable, no ha sido comprendida adecuadamente. El cavum carotídeo se encuentra localizado en el segmento clinoideo, que es una zona de transición entre el espacio cavernoso y el subdural. La comprensión del segmento clinoideo es importante para el adecuado diagnóstico y manejo de aneurismas localizadas en esta compleja región. El abordaje quirúrgico depende de la localización exacta de la lesión. Este artículo revisa aspectos relevantes de la anatomía microquirúrgica del segmento clinoideo, cavum carotídeo y espacio clinoideo. Palabras claves: cavum carotídeo, segmento clinoideo, espacio clinoideo, anatomía microquirúrgica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aneurysm , Carotid Arteries/anatomy & histology , Carotid Arteries/surgery , Carotid Artery Diseases/surgery , Carotid Artery Diseases/diagnosis , Carotid Artery Diseases/physiopathology , Subdural Space
16.
Neuroeje ; 16(2): 49-56, ago. 2002. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-581785

ABSTRACT

Aún en hospitales de referencia y concentración, los aneurismas gigantes de la bifurcación carotídea (BC) son poco frecuentes; su incidencia oscila entre 1.5 y 8 por ciento de los aneurismas intracraneanos. Durante la segunda década de la vida, estas lesiones comprenden hasta el 40 por ciento de la totalidad de casos vistos en un servicio de cirugía neurovascular. A partir de la introducción de las técnicas microquirúrgicas, esto se debió al mejor conocimiento de la anatomía microquirúrgica envuelta en este tipo de lesiones, sin embargo, hay reportes de mortalidades tan altas como del 40 por ciento. Con la utilización de abordajes de cirugía de base de cráneo, técnicas microquirúrgicas depuradas y sobre todo, con el dominio detallado de la anatamía microquirúrgica, la mortalidad hoy en día oscila entre 2 y 4 por ciento.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aneurysm , Carotid Artery Diseases/surgery , Carotid Artery Diseases/physiopathology , Microsurgery
17.
Yonsei Medical Journal ; : 357-362, 2002.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-84794

ABSTRACT

The prediction of functional outcome in patients with acute cerebral infarction depends on many factors. Various techniques have been applied to predict severity and outcome after cerebral infarction. Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is a component of a specific brain enzyme and a useful marker of brain injury. We evaluated the relation between initial serum NSE level and short- and long-term clinical outcome in 59 patients with acute cerebral infarction and in 38 age-matched healthy controls. Serum NSE levels were determined in patients with carotid artery (CA) territory cerebral infarction within 24 hours of onset. Brain MRI was performed four to seven days after stroke. Patients were divided into two groups: large CA territory infarction with a lesion extending cortex (cortex group), and small subcortical CA territory infarction (subcortical group) with a lesion confined to the subcortical white matter. We compared the initial serum NSE levels of the two groups. National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was determined at admission and seven days after onset and the modified Rankin's scale was used at the 3 months follow-up after onset. Serum NSE levels were significantly elevated in patients with acute cerebral infarction compared with the normal controls (13.88 +/- 5.47 ng/dl vs. 8.15 +/- 1.53 ng/dl, p < 0.05). The initial ( < 24 h) serum NSE level was higher in the cortical group than in the subcortical group (16.68 +/- 5.70 ng/dl vs. 10.98 +/- 3.34 ng/dl, p < 0.05). NIHSS on admission and on the 7th day correlated with the initial serum NSE level (p < 0.05), as were more severe functional outcomes, as determined 3 months after onset (p < 0.05). This study shows that initial serum NSE level may be a useful marker for severity in acute ischemic stroke, and that it may be well correlated with short-term and long-term functional outcomes.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Acute Disease , Carotid Artery Diseases/physiopathology , Cerebral Infarction/physiopathology , Middle Aged , Phosphopyruvate Hydratase/blood , Severity of Illness Index
18.
Rev. chil. neurocir ; 14: 30-34, 1999. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-302692

ABSTRACT

Esta bien documentado en la literatura que los aneurisma cerebrales corresponden a lesiones que, si bien se originan a partir de un defecto congénico de la pared vascular, se desarrollan y crecen con el tiempo. Se presenta el caso de una paciente que habiéndose diagnosticado su lesión aneurismática, se negó a ser tratada, luego de una primera hemorragia subaracnoídea. Posteriormente, y luego de 6 años asintomática, resangró, y una nueva angiografía demostró una evidente modificación estructural de la lesión. Se doscute la fisiopatología de los cambios estructurales de la pared vascular que determinan su debilitamiento (defecto del desarrollo, ateroesclerosis, isquemia y hormonas) y su reforzamiento (malla de fibrina, fibrosis y cicatrización), así como las fuerzas hemodinámicas a las que está sometida (presión arterial y resistencia periférica). Asimismo, se señalan algunas consideraciones clínicas a partir de lo comentado


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Carotid Artery Diseases/physiopathology , Intracranial Aneurysm , Carotid Arteries , Carotid Artery Diseases/diagnosis , Intracranial Aneurysm , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
20.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 23(9): 895-97, 1990. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-92450

ABSTRACT

The pressor responses to s of common carotid artery occlusion were studied in conscious male rats of different ages. Compared to rats at the age of 2 months, the initial peak and the maintained response in 6-12 and 18 month old rats were well preserved. In 1-onth old rats, both components were significantly depressed but in 24-month old rats only the initial peak of the pressor response was markedly attenuated. These findings demonstrate that age is an important factor in the response to common carotid artery occlusion wich is more marked for the initial than the maintained response


Subject(s)
Rats , Animals , Male , Aging/physiology , Arterial Occlusive Diseases/physiopathology , Arterial Pressure , Carotid Artery Diseases/physiopathology , Pressoreceptors/physiology , Rats, Wistar
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